Haemorrhoids (piles) are swollen blood vessels in the lower rectum and anus that can cause problems with bleeding, swelling and pain. As the haemorrhoids swell and enlarge prolapse or protrusion of tissue through the anal canal may occur.
Haemorrhoids are graded by the degree of prolapse:
Grade 1: No prolapse
Grade 2: The haemorrhoids recede by themselves.
Grade 3: The prolapse can be pushed back manually
Grade 4: The haemorrhoids are permanently external
What causes prolapsed haemorrhoids?
One of the most common causes of prolapsed haemorrhoids is increased pressure on the lower rectum. This pressure can result from straining during bowel movements, obesity, or prolonged sitting on the toilet. Pregnant women may also be more susceptible due to the increased pressure on the pelvic region.
What are the symptoms of prolapsed haemorrhoids?
Symptoms of prolapsed haemorrhoids can vary, with some individuals experiencing discomfort or bleeding during bowel movements. The prolapsed tissue can produce a mucus or blood stained discharge which in turn can lead to itching and problems with hygiene. Occasionally a blood clot may develop within the protruding pile (thrombosis) which can cause intense pain.
Note that there are other causes of rectal bleeding other than piles – occasionally a cancer of the bowel can produce a discharge and / or bleeding and it is important that these symptoms are not ignored and medical advice sought.
Treatment options
Treatment of haemorrhoids is dependent on the severity of symptoms and the degree of prolapse. In less severe cases, lifestyle modifications such as dietary changes, increased fibre intake, and avoiding prolonged periods of straining on the toilet can alleviate symptoms. Topical creams and ointments may also provide relief by reducing inflammation and soothing the affected area.
For persistent symptoms from haemorrhoids and when other causes of rectal bleeding have been excluded, medical interventions may be necessary. Grade I and II piles may be addressed with more minor interventions such as rubber band ligation, in which a rubber band is placed around the base of the hemorrhoid to cut off its blood supply. Other newer techniques involving the use of energy sources to shrivel the piles are becoming increasingly common in medical practice and are thought to be more effective than banding. These include the Rafaelo procedure and laser therapy. Grade III and IV haemorrhoids are usually more effectively dealt with by day case operations conducted under a general anaesthetic. The HALO (Haemorrhoidal Artery Ligation Operation) is particularly effective and involves the use of an absorbable stick to tie off and internalise the haemorrhoids. Occasionally the haemorrhoid can be surgically removed (haemorrhoidectomy).
Avoiding the risk of haemorrhoids
Preventing prolapsed haemorrhoids involves maintaining good bowel habits and a healthy lifestyle. Eating a high-fibre diet, staying hydrated, and engaging in regular physical activity can help prevent constipation and reduce the risk of straining during bowel movements.
It is essential for individuals experiencing symptoms of prolapsed haemorrhoids to seek medical attention for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment. While the condition can be uncomfortable and inconvenient, various effective interventions are available to manage and alleviate the symptoms associated with prolapsed haemorrhoids.
Contact Mr Andrew Clarke today
If you suspect that you have haemorrhoids, and are experiencing symptoms, Mr. Andrew Clarke offers treatment for this condition. Remember that bleeding and alterations in the function of your bowel are not always attributable to haemorrhoids and it is important that serious bowel pathology is excluded.